Informal Logic †Same Sex Marriage Outline Essay Sample free essay sample

Introductiona Most people believe that matrimony is a consecrated establishment. and should merely be between a adult male and a adult female. and that it’s wicked for matrimony to be between same sex twosomes. I believe matrimony should be legal for a adult male and a adult female that genuinely love each other. with the purposes of desiring to unify their lives together. Should homophiles be able to get married? I intended to explicate my grounds for homosexual and against homosexual matrimony. Some people believing that matrimony should be between a adult male and a adult female non for homophiles. The inquiry is should homosexual matrimony be allowed? Reasons against homosexual matrimonyIt could supply a slippery incline in the legality of matrimony ( e. g. holding multiple married womans or get marrieding an animate being could be following ) . ( Messerli. 2011 ) iIf the thought of matrimony goes from a adult male and a adult female to leting for same sex matrimony so what is to halt at that place. We will write a custom essay sample on Informal Logic – Same Sex Marriage Outline Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Why would we non let for the Islamic faith to pattern their beliefs and let for a adult male and a adult male merely to hold multiple married womans? Even further why merely let for people of a certain age to be allowed to get married? Why non let for a adult male or a adult female to get married into bestiality? If the intent of matrimony is to raise kids. so the inquiry of same-sex matrimony comes down to the biological science of the sex variety meats. A adult male and a adult female can hold a kid. but a adult female and a adult female. or a adult male and a adult male. can non. Since same-sex twosomes can non reproduce. they can non carry through this basic map of matrimony. ( Sullivan. 2013 ) iThe fact bases and can non be refuted that is the universe were to be cheery world would non be. A adult male and another adult male or a adult female and another adult female can non in any manner procreate. It is physically impossible for this to go on and to existence of homo on Earth would stop. So why would we as worlds allow for some to pattern an action that could be lay waste toing to the human race. Possibly the most controversial statement that the guardians make is that the establishment itself would be harmed if it were opened to same-sex twosomes. ( Denniston. 2012 ) iSame sex matrimony Dose non fall into spiritual belief in any manner by any faith. In 1998. President Bill Clinton signed the Defense of Marriage Act ( DOMA ) . saying that same-sex twosomes would non be eligible for federal benefits. ( Johnson ) iIf we allow federal benefits to same sex matrimony so we are traveling against what the bulk of the American population believes in and to federally fund a plan for this would non be what the country’s electors wish to pass heterosexual financess on. Reasons in support of homosexual matrimonyaIn states where same-sex matrimony has been legalized–Belgium. Canada. the Netherlands. and Spain–the rate of heterosexual matrimony stableness has either gone up. remained stable. or declined consistent with other states in the part that do non acknowledge same-sex matrimony. ( Head. 2006 ) iSame sex matrimony does non impact the heterosexual matrimony rate. Same sex twosomes can learn heterosexual twosomes how twosomes in relationships missing gender based power kineticss frequently solve jobs and do determinations with more regard and mutualness. ( Gourguechon. 2012 ) iIn some cases same sex twosomes look at issues otherwise than heterosexual twosomes do. This could be used as a signifier of guidance. Marriage existed before Church and province. Therefore. â€Å"Neither Church nor province invented matrimony. and neither can alter its nature. † ( Huizenga. 2012 ) iMarriage came foremost without limitations or counsel from province of the Church. To seek and state the either should hold an influence on matrimony after the fact of origin is non acceptable. DecisionSame sex matrimony a really controversial subject that has been around for rather some clip. Even if the United States authorities were to do a opinion tomorrow that allowed for same sex matrimony through the United States of America there would be rather a rebuttal by many of the states people. The US authorities has to seek and delight the bulk of the electors for blessing and re-election. The bulk of Americans today believe matrimony is to be between a adult male and a adult female. Not same sexes. Marriage was ab initio intended for a adult male and a adult female who are in love with one another. person who wish to unify as one. Peoples are contemplating. Should homophiles be able to get married? I stated different pros and cons to each side of the inquiry of. Should homophiles be able to get married? Some people believing that matrimony should be between a adult male and a adult female non for homophiles. The inquiry is and will be for infinity. should homosexual matrim ony be allowed? Mentions Denniston. L. ( 2012. November 29 ) . hypertext transfer protocol: //www. businessinsider. com. Retrieved from Business Insider: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. businessinsider. com/the-legal-case-against-gay-marriage-2012-11 Gourguechon. P. ( 2012. May 10 ) . Psychology Today. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. psychologytoday. com: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. psychologytoday. com/blog/psychoanalytic-excavation/201205/ten-reasons-support-gay-marriage Head. T. ( 2006. June 1 ) . About. com. Retrieved from About. com Civilliberty: hypertext transfer protocol: //civilliberty. about. com/od/gendersexuality/a/marriageamend. htm Huizenga. L. ( 2012. August 9 ) . First things. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. firstthings. com: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. firstthings. com/onthesquare/2012/08/opposing-gay-marriage-is-rational-not-religious Johnson. R. ( n. d. ) . hypertext transfer protocol: //gaylife. about. com. Retrieved from Gaylife: hypertext transfer protocol: //gaylife. about. com/cs/gaymarriage/i/doma. htm Messerli. J. ( 2011. November 19 ) . Balanced Politics. org. Retrieved January 13. 2012. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. balancedpolitics. org: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. balancedpolitics. org/same_sex_marriages. htm Sullivan. A. ( 2013. January 13 ) . Arguing Equality. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. arguingequality. org: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. arguingequality. org/chapter5. htm

Homeostasis essays

Homeostasis essays The human bodys ability to maintain a constant environment is essential to its survival. This capability is referred to as homeostasis. Homeostatic mechanisms keep the body near a set point, based on the sensitivity of central nervous system nuclei, which is an ideal value for that particular person. An example of a homeostatic mechanism is a negative feedback mechanism. Any deviation from the set point is made smaller. This mechanism does not prevent variation, it only helps keep the variation near the set point. Many negative-feedback mechanisms have three components; a receptor, a control center and an effector. A receptor monitors the significance of the variable. The control center is where the set point is established. The effector has the ability to change the variable. The set point varies from person to person. The body usually does not maintain its set point exactly but instead it fluctuates and declines around this point bringing forth a normal range of values. When the body undergoes a physical stressor; such as exercise, a secondary set point is established. The Schneider test measures the recovery rate, the rate at which the body moves back to the original set point once a stressor is removed. It determines the recovery limit of the cardiovascular system. It is based on the measurement of heart rate and blood pressure before, during and after exercise, a stressor in this case is standing and moderate exercise. This system was developed by Dr. Schneider after World War I in order to evaluate combat preparedness and overall fitness of American aviators. Exercise: 15 sec.- 88 Score: 16 ...

Chant and Cant

Chant and Cant Chant and Cant Chant and Cant By Maeve Maddox My dear friend, clear your mind of cant. You may say to a man, Sir, I am your most humble servant. You are not his most humble servant. You tell a man, I am sorry you had such bad weather and were so much wet. You dont care sixpence whether he is wet or dry. You talk in this manner; it is a mode of talking in Society: but dont think foolishly. (Johnson to Boswell, May 15, 1783) The word cant as Samuel Johnson uses it here means empty talk, insincere expressions of feelings or beliefs the speaker doesnt really have. The OED gives various other meanings for the word cant, including: A pet phrase, a trick of words; esp. a stock phrase that is much affected at the time, or is repeated as a matter of habit or form. Phraseology taken up and used for fashions sake, without being a genuine expression of sentiment Affected or unreal use of religious or pietistic phraseology; language (or action) implying the pretended assumption of goodness or piety. Cant is a doublet of chant. Both come from French chanter to sing. In a broad sense, a chant is a song, but what most people think of as a chant is a monotonous song, not particularly melodious, and usually unaccompanied by a musical instrument. Chant can also be used as a verb: Monks chant their prayers. Magicians chant their spells. How did a word meaning song or to sing give rise to one meaning empty talk? Canting was a term applied to the sing-song whining pleas of beggars asking for charity. What the beggars said was perceived as insincere and their way of saying it was like singing. Thus the word cant in Dr. Johnsons sense was born. By the way, Dr. Johnsons advice to Boswell remains as valuable to writers today as it was in 1783. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Writing Prompts 10150 Synonyms for â€Å"Idea†Adverbs and Hyphens

The Legacy of the Prophet and the Society Assignment

The Legacy of the Prophet and the Society - Assignment Example In his book, Shadid notes that the face of Islam in the Middle East has changed from one perceived to be wary and violent to a peaceful one. Thanks to Islamic activists who have undergone great transformation helping the poor and providing solace through their social activism. Hashemi also records that the argument in The Legacy of the prophet was mainly based on the change in political Islam. This political change represents the modern Islam and is characterized by advocacy for democracy and non-violence. These Islamic movements have demonstrated a shift from the older militant process to a more democratic process. The modern Islam advocate for moral Islamic commitment and community loyalty, economic justice and a place for women in society, and advocate for a state governed by Islamic Sharia. These would translate into a modern society. Kurzman notes that there are three models of Sharia: Liberal sharia, silent Sharia and interpreted sharia. Some of the issues raised in The Legacy of the Prophet are representation of the models presented by Kurzman. This is particular with the â€Å"interpreted sharia†. According to the model, sharia is welcome to interpretation. The fact that modern Islam advocate for democracy and liberalization links them to â€Å"interpreted sharia† model. Model is seen as liberal allowing for re-interpretation of sharia. The model also depicts sharia as divine. This aspect is evident in the modern Islams when they advocate for a state governed by Sharia which is divine  

CONCORD BOOKSHOP PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CONCORD BOOKSHOP PAPER - Essay Example pelling change in the organization, followed by a focus on the behavioral aspect of organizational change and finally analyzing the dynamics of motivating employees to alter their behaviors (Spector, 2010). The three phases in the organizational change process are organizational diagnosis through strategic renewal, redesigning the organization, and altering employees’ behavioral aspects. These phases bring about new competencies, skills, and behavior patterns. Organizational diagnosis is critical because it encourages broad based participation, which helps to overcome resistance and defensiveness to the change. During this phase, a mutual agreement is encouraged among the workers regarding the need for change. An organization can enhance strategic renewal by carrying out organizational diagnosis to come up with a road map for identifying its status and desired future. Organizational diagnosis offers future prospects of the effectiveness of an organization (Spector, 2010). The second step in implementing change redesigning the organization by identifying its purpose. If organizational diagnosis creates dissatisfaction with the status quo, the employees should take part in redesigning behavioral patterns to support strategic renewal as well as outstanding performance. It also entails changing the design of the organization in response to the changing dynamics in the organization environment. The third step entails altering the behavioral aspects. Spector defines behavioral change as the alteration of employee behavior to enable the organization to meet its strategy demands while simultaneously attaining and sustaining exceptional performance. Effective strategic renewal thus necessitates behavioral change and this directly targets employees’ actions as well as interactions patterns to meet the company strategy and to achieve and sustain good performance. An organization can enhance behavioral change by adoption of an organizational culture and c hange that is in

About Shakespeare Essay Example for Free

About Shakespeare Essay Hamlet is Shakespeare’s longest and most tragic play. It was first published in 1603, from a draft published several years earlier. The play begins two months after the death of King Hamlet of Denmark. The country is in a state of unrest. Young Fortinbras of Norway is preparing for war. After the King’s death, his brother Claudius takes over the throne, and marries the widowed Queen Gertrude. Young Hamlet, the late king’s son is incensed. He is told by the ghost of his father, that Claudius had poisoned him, to become the King of Denmark. Hamlet starts acting like a madman rousing concern. Polonius, an advisor to King Claudius is also worried by Hamlet’s strange â€Å"transformation. † The two, along with Queen Gertrude instruct Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Hamlet’s childhood friends to spy on him. Hamlet is also increasingly hostile towards his love, Ophelia, Polonius’ daughter. Out of fear, the King orders Hamlet to be sent to England. King Claudius and Polonius both feel that Hamlet is dangerous. To ensure who the culprit was, Hamlet cleverly changes the lines in a play which is performed before the king and the queen. See more: Is the Importance of being earnest a satirical play essay The King’s reaction convinces Hamlet that it was indeed he who poisoned his father. Alone, King Claudius reveals his crime, and confesses that he cannot escape divine judgment. After the play, Queen Gertrude scolds her son, but he instead scolds his mother for her wrong actions. Polonius is spying on the two, from behind a curtain. Hamlet hears Polonius, and kills him thinking he is Claudius. Anxious and scared, the king orders Hamlet to be sent to England, along with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. The King wants Hamlet killed as soon as he arrives in England. Hamlet had the spies Rosencrantz and Guildenstern put to death instead. Meanwhile, Young Fortinbras has brought his army to Denmark. Hamlet admires Young Fortinbras, for his courage to fight for honor. The death of Polonius has a profound impact on Ophelia, who in her depression and apathy kills herself by drowning. Laertes, Polonius’ son is enraged. The king tells him that it was Hamlet who murdered Polonius. The two decide to get rid of Hamlet, their common enemy. Claudius and Laertes arrange a duel, in which Laertes will fight Hamlet. To ensure Hamlet’s death, Laertes poisons the tip of his sword. In the course of the duel, Laertes, Hamlet and the King are poisoned by the same sword. Queen Gertrude drinks a poisoned drink meant for Hamlet, and is killed. Dying, Hamlet tells Horatio to tell the world of his story and recommends Young Fortinbras the next king of Denmark. Hamlet – Prince of Denmark is a play that deals with the main subjects of honor, revenge and suicide. Hamlet is not our typical hero. Born in a royal family, he is a refined young man with noble attributes, but he has his weaknesses. After his father’s murder, he is driven mad by anger when his mother marries Claudius. His love for Ophelia too turned into a strange confusion and mix of emotions. He distrusts all those around him, and starts dwelling in a melancholy state of mind. Even those he thought were his friends turn out to be spies sent by the king and queen. This also explain Hamlets â€Å"insanity† to a great extent. But even so, Hamlet is a disturbed individual. The way he treats Ophelia is obvious evidence. He is cruel to her, in spite of her efforts to try and understand him. He is also impulsive – he kills Polonius without thinking twice. Justice and revenge form major themes of the play, with Claudius, at the Head of a country, having killed his own brother, and Hamlet, avenging his father’s death. Suicide also forms an essential theme in the play. Ophelia kills herself by drowning. Hamlet too is prompted to kill himself. † But should he, or not; â€Å"To be or not to be, that is the question. † Shakespeare portrays all the characters with great ingenuity. He analyses human psyche, and how eventually, everyone’s destiny is controlled by fate. References: About Shakespeare, Hamlet Study Guide, http://absoluteshakespeare. com/guides/hamlet/hamlet. htm

gatdream F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby - Seeking the Unattain

Great Gatsby - Seeking the Unattainable Dream What is the American Dream? America has evolved from an infant, struggling, nation to become a world power through its unprecedented economic growth. Driven by the tenets of independence, self reliance, and freedom, Americans have had the opportunity to pursue economic success. To many, this is the American Dream; to have freedom and the opportunity to pursue financial freedom. To others, such as Gatsby, Walter, and Jake, the American dream is happiness. They are driven by their dreams, seeking what they believe will make them happy. Gatsby and Jake seek happiness through love while Walter seeks happiness through money. The belief that bliss, utopia, and tranquility are within their grasps drives these characters. Yet the mere fact that their dreams are unattainable makes them flawed. Without dreams, Gatsby, Walter, and Jake lose their sense of purpose in life. Thus the pursuit of the American dream is a paradox. Achieving it is impossible, but without it, life will lose its purpose. Gatsby, Walter, and Jake are representations of the American dream because the love and happiness they seek are impossible to obtain. The birth of the desire for the happiness and love of the American dream in Gatsby occurred when he met a man named Dan Cody. After his disgust with college, Gatsby sought a new life. He found the promise of his fame and fortune in Dan Cody's yacht. "To young Gatz, resting on his oars and looking up at the railed deck, that yacht represented all the beauty and glamour in the world" (Fitzgerald 106). As soon as he borrowed the row boat that transported him to the yacht, Gatsby was no longer James Gatz, he had became Gatsby, inst... ... education and money do not necessarily lead to happiness. "But excited monetary pursuit, Fitzgerald shows, goes hand in hand with personal anxiety: under the strain of competition, social life has become a medium of unease" (Fitter 8). The students of Mission should follow Walter's example and realize that their dream is oversimplified and flawed. They need to mature and realize that there are many pitfalls and problems that are created by money, and that they can find happiness through other things besides money such as family, religion, and love. Gatsby, Walter, and Jake are a representation of the American dream because the love and happiness they seek is impossible to obtain. Despite the impossibility, human beings need a dream in order to have a purpose in life. Without dreams life will become aimless, drying up like a raisin in the sun. gatdream F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby - Seeking the Unattain Great Gatsby - Seeking the Unattainable Dream What is the American Dream? America has evolved from an infant, struggling, nation to become a world power through its unprecedented economic growth. Driven by the tenets of independence, self reliance, and freedom, Americans have had the opportunity to pursue economic success. To many, this is the American Dream; to have freedom and the opportunity to pursue financial freedom. To others, such as Gatsby, Walter, and Jake, the American dream is happiness. They are driven by their dreams, seeking what they believe will make them happy. Gatsby and Jake seek happiness through love while Walter seeks happiness through money. The belief that bliss, utopia, and tranquility are within their grasps drives these characters. Yet the mere fact that their dreams are unattainable makes them flawed. Without dreams, Gatsby, Walter, and Jake lose their sense of purpose in life. Thus the pursuit of the American dream is a paradox. Achieving it is impossible, but without it, life will lose its purpose. Gatsby, Walter, and Jake are representations of the American dream because the love and happiness they seek are impossible to obtain. The birth of the desire for the happiness and love of the American dream in Gatsby occurred when he met a man named Dan Cody. After his disgust with college, Gatsby sought a new life. He found the promise of his fame and fortune in Dan Cody's yacht. "To young Gatz, resting on his oars and looking up at the railed deck, that yacht represented all the beauty and glamour in the world" (Fitzgerald 106). As soon as he borrowed the row boat that transported him to the yacht, Gatsby was no longer James Gatz, he had became Gatsby, inst... ... education and money do not necessarily lead to happiness. "But excited monetary pursuit, Fitzgerald shows, goes hand in hand with personal anxiety: under the strain of competition, social life has become a medium of unease" (Fitter 8). The students of Mission should follow Walter's example and realize that their dream is oversimplified and flawed. They need to mature and realize that there are many pitfalls and problems that are created by money, and that they can find happiness through other things besides money such as family, religion, and love. Gatsby, Walter, and Jake are a representation of the American dream because the love and happiness they seek is impossible to obtain. Despite the impossibility, human beings need a dream in order to have a purpose in life. Without dreams life will become aimless, drying up like a raisin in the sun.

Re-Examining the ‘Step-and-Slide’: Sex Differences in Pedestrian Collision Avoidance

Abstract Previous literature has reported sex differences in collision avoidance behaviour by pedestrians. The current study sough to establish whether these sex differences are still valid now by observing an opportunity sample of male and female pedestrians in a busy location. A chi-square test found a significant (p 01) relationship between sex and collision avoidance behaviour. In particular, women were significantly more likely to engage in closed passes and men were significantly more likely to engage in open passes. This finding is in keeping with the pattern previously reported by Collett and Marsh (1981). Future research is needed to understand why these sex differences may exist. Introduction Despite often busy and overcrowded public areas, pedestrians can be observed navigating and avoiding collisions with remarkable ease. Previous literature appears to be relatively unanimous in its observations and conclusions about how pedestrians are able to avoid collisions. In an early study, Goffman (1972) made a number of observations including that people tend to form two lanes whilst walking upon the pavement, with one group walking on the inside, away from the road and the other group walking on the outside and close to the road. Many years later, Collett and Marsh (1981) observed the same phenomenon and coined the term ‘pedestrian streaming.’ It was also discovered that individuals will use others’ movements and monitor their intentions, known as â€Å"externalisation,† to ensure a smoother passage. These movements may be unconscious or conscious and may as be discrete as a slight turn of the shoulders. Again, this phenomenon was also observed by Wo lff (1973), who named it â€Å"behaviour monitoring.† Wolff (1973) observed that many pedestrians engage in what he coined the ‘step-and-slide’ pass, which involved a slight angling of the shoulders alongside a discrete side step. After videotaping the passing behaviour of individuals using a pedestrian crossing, Collett and Marsh (1981) noted significant sex differences in the strategies used whilst engaging in this type of pass. Males were far more likely to use an open pass strategy by orienting toward the person they were trying to avoid whereas females were more likely to use a closed pass strategy by orienting themselves away from the person they were attempting to avoid. Interestingly, the types of pass used could not adequately be explained by the natural position of the leg during passing and even when it was more difficult, women were still more likely to use a closed pass. The researchers concluded that the use of a closed pass strategy by women was an example of self-protective behaviour. In particular, the auth ors concluded that women were attempting to protect their breasts after observing that they often drew their arms across their bodies during the pass. The result of Collett and Marsh’s (1981) study may now be outdated. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate whether sex differences in collision avoidance behaviour still exist today and whether the pattern still reflects that seen by Collett and Marsh (1981). Based on previous literature it is hypothesised that females will make more closed passes than males and that males will use more open passes than females. MethodParticipants2,910 participants (1,376 females, 1,534 males) were observed using an opportunity sample. As this was a observation study it was not feasible to collect demographic data such as age.MaterialsObservations were recorded on a data collection grid. The data collection grid was used to record the sex of the pedestrian and whether a open pass, closed pass or neutral pass was observed. Design This was a between-subjects design with male participants being compared with female participants. The predictor variable was the sex of the pedestrian and the criterion variable was the type of passing behaviour exhibited.ProcedureBefore collecting data for the study a pilot study was carried out to ensure that the observers could correctly identify whether a pedestrian was exhibiting an open pass, closed pass or neutral behaviour. Data was collected on an opportunity sample of ten pedestrians for the pilot study. For the main study, data was collected by observing pedestrians at various train stations during peak times. Two researchers collected the data with one acting as observer and the other acting as recorder. Observations were based on an opportunity sample and a mix of male-male, female-female and female-male interactions were recorded.ResultsA total of 1,376 females and 1,534 males were observed. Of the 1,376 females, 561 engaged in an open pass, whereas 815 engaged in a closed pass. Of the 1,534 males observed, 1,070 engaged in an open pass, whereas 464 engaged in a closed pass. A chi-square test was performed and a significant relationship was found between sex and type of collision avoidance behaviour X2 (1, N = 2910) = 247.32, p < 0.01. [Insert graph here] Discussion The aim of the current study was to investigate whether current sex differences in pedestrian collision avoidance behaviour support previous literature that has found females are more likely to use closed passes, whereas males are more likely to use open passes when avoiding each other in busy pedestrian areas. It was found that more women engaged in closed passes than men and that more men engaged in open passes than women. Statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant relationship between sex and type of collision avoidance behaviour. This means that women are significantly more likely to engage in closed passes, whereas men are significantly more likely to engage in open passes. This finding is in support of previous literature (Collett and Marsh, 1981) and the data supports the researchers’ hypothesis. Collett and Marsh (1981) argued that females engage in closed passes in an attempt to protect their breasts because they observed that women often drew their arms across their chests during the pass. However, more recent research has demonstrated that even in non-confrontational, everyday situations, females tend to sit in closed positions whilst keeping their arms close to their bodies (Cashdan, 1998; Vrugt and Luyerink, 2000). This suggests that Collett and Marsh’s (1981) initial interpretation may be flawed. Women may naturally adopt closed body language, which they are also likely to use during pedestrian collision avoidance scenarios. The finding that men are more likely to use open passes is in keeping with previous literature on male body language and non-verbal communication. For example, Mehrabian (1968) found that men tend to show more alertness than women by directing their shoulder orientation toward the other person. This could explain why men adopt an open positi on and direct their shoulders toward the other individual whilst passing them. Luxen (2005) found that men tend to exhibit behavioural dominance in situations involving women. Turning their body toward a woman, whilst she turns away, may reflect this dominance. Therefore, the current findings can be interpreted in the context of sex differences in both body language and non-verbal communication. It is difficult to draw any strong conclusions from an observational study and only inferences can be made. However, based on the results and what is known about body language, it appears as though the sex differences in the way that individuals avoid pedestrian collisions still exist today as they did in the 1980s. The results also seem to support Collett and Marsh’s (1981) conclusion that women are more likely to adopt a protective stance when making passes in a collision avoidance situation. The current study had a notable number of strengths. Primarily, this study utilised a large sample, which is highly likely to be representative of the population as a whole. Generalisability was also strengthened by using different train station locations for observations. Furthermore, having taken place in a natural environment rather than a lab setting, the results have good ecological validity. However, the observation method has a number of limitations, which should be noted. Firstly, although a pilot study was carried out in order to familiarise the observer with different types of passes, the data would have been more reliable if two observers had been used at any one time. An alternative method of improving the study would have to been to video record the observation area so that a second observer could interpret an identical scenario of pedestrian collision avoidance. This would have provided a measure of inter-observer reliability, which would have strengthened the results o f the study. It is also possible that the observer was biased because they were aware of the study hypothesis. In other words, the observer may have interpreted females to have carried out more closed passes because this is what was expected based on the previous literature. In future studies, keeping the observer blind to the hypothesis of the study will reduce this risk. There are also some ethical concerns with large scale observation studies such as this. For example, some individuals may object to being watched and to their behaviour being recorded. However, with such a large scale study, it would have been impossible to have sought the informed consent of each participant. Data was also completely anonymised, which keeps the study within ethical boundaries. Although the study has good generalisability, this is somewhat weakened by collecting results from only the UK. Future research may wish to focus on whether the same patterns are found internationally. Based on the findings of the current study, future studies may also wish to focus on exploring in more detail why these sex differences exist. For example, a sample of individuals exhibiting these behaviours could be administered a questionnaire to explore whether the behaviour is unconscious or conscious and if it is conscious, why they engage in either open or closed passes. References Cashdan, E. (1998). Smiles, speech, and body posture: How women and men display sociometric status and power. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 22(4), 209-228. Collett, P.R. & Marsh, P.E. (1981). Patterns of public behaviour: Collision avoidance on a pedestri an crossing. In A. Kendon (Ed.), Nonverbal communication, interaction and gesture (pp. 199-217). The Hague: Mouton Press. Goffman, E. (1972). Relations in public. Harmondsworth: Pelican. Luxen, M. (2005). Gender differences in dominance and affiliation during a demanding interaction. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 139(4), 331- 347. Mehrabian, A. (1968). Relationship of attitude to seated posture, orientation, and distance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 10(1), 26-30. Vrugt, A., & Luyerink, M. (2000). The contribution of bodily posture to gender stereotypical im pressions. Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal, 28(1), 91. Wolff, M. (1973) Notes on the behaviour of pedestrians. In A. Birenbaum and E. Sagar (Eds.), Peo ple in places: The sociology of the familiar (pp. 35-48). New York: Praeger.

The Malaysian Sibu Pasar Malam

Judging by the popularity of the Malaysian night market or pasar malam, it’s safe to say that this form of trading is here to stay despite the surge of shopping malls in the country. Markets of any kind are often representative of a country’s culture and the way of life of its citizens. Markets essentially bring together traders, ordinary people and children, either for a simple errand or a journey to discover delicious food and local goods. Some of the more well-known night markets are in Taiwan and Hong Kong, but Malaysians believe their country offers some of the best night markets – known locally as the pasar malam – to rival their counterparts in Asia. The Sibu Pasar Malam Survivors in the concrete jungle One would think that shopping at night markets would lose its appeal in a country where shopping malls are fast emerging. But judging from the crowds, the pasar malam is here to stay. Bangsar Baru’s night market is one of many examples of how a pasar malam survives in a rapidly developing city. Hundreds of Bangsar residents and tourists flock to this night market weekly, to buy groceries, have a meal or simply soak in the colourful atmosphere. The term night market does not necessarily mean that the market operates solely during nightfall. As early as three in the afternoon, access to main roads are closed, so that stall owners or hawkers can start setting up their stalls, umbrellas, tables and flourescent lights, and start displaying their goods and produce. The stall owners start this early and trade late into the night, sometimes till 11pm or midnight. Sunday is a popular day for the pasar malam, simply because it’s a day off and people have the time to window shop and run their weekly errands. Popular spots include Bangsar, Paramount Garden and Batu Feringghi in Penang. Some night markets open daily such as the one in Taman Connaught in Cheras. The pasar malam on Lorong Tuanku Abdul Rahman is believed to be the largest one in Kuala Lumpur, trading only on Saturdays. Sometimes, depending on the popularity of the markets, one residential area would hold two night markets in a week, taking turns to capture the attention of shoppers. SS2 is an example. On Mondays, the stalls are set up around the playground in the central area of SS2?s commercial area, attracting hundreds of patrons each week. On Thursdays, the area near the Cheow Yang shops are closed off for the second night market. Plenty to choose from: Tourists surveying the mouth-watering food at a pasar malam. Trinkets, treasures and a whole lot more Night markets attract people from all ages and all walks of life. Produce and goods such as vegetables, fruits, snacks, toys, clothes and all types of household ornaments are for sale at these night markets. Patrons will always tell you that goods are slighty cheaper at the pasar malam compared with produce and goods from the supermarkets or shopping malls. The novelty of shopping at the night markets is that patrons have the opportunity to haggle and bargain for lower prices with traders. Tourists are also advised that pasar malam offers them a chance to practice their bargaining skills with the local business community. Treasures are in abundance in the night market, depending on what is sought. For example, in Sarawak’s Lembangan night market, patrons could possibly find jungle fruit and ferns, snakes or snails. First time visitors to night markets are told to expect noisy, jostling crowds, and as such, are not for the claustrophic or the shopping mall addict. The colour, smells and conversations at a pasar malam offer a wonderful opportunity for locals and travellers to enjoy Malaysia’s cultures and diverse communities.

Sample Query Letters

Sample Query Letters Sample Query Letters Sample Query Letters By Maeve Maddox Reader Blaine asks Does anyone out there know of a website or a book with a lot of sample query letters? The question comes just as Im studying this guide to marketing a novel: The Sell Your Novel Tool Kit: Everything You Need to Know About Queries, Synopses, Marketing, and Breaking In by Elizabeth Lyon. The book was recommended to me by a colleague for the very reason that it contains numerous sample fiction queries. Chapter Six defines the query and offers step-by-step instructions for writing one: Queries Defined Lead Model Query Letter Body Closing Style Types and Uses Chapter Seven provides 15 examples of actual letters. Several genres are represented, including Literary Historical Christian Adventure Mystery Suspense Fantasy Romance Childrens 9-12 So far Im finding Lyons book extremely helpful as I prepare to market a mystery novel of my own. When Im ready to do something with one of my non-fiction projects, Ill have a look at her other guide: Nonfiction Book Proposals Anybody Can Write. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Farther vs. FurtherBetween vs. In BetweenDozen: Singular or Plural?

Analysis of a Story’s Satisfaction as Presented by Norman Maclean in His Book, A River Runs Through It

Analysis of a Story’s Satisfaction as Presented by Norman Maclean in His Book, A River Runs Through It Reading is an intimate experience that one shares with a book. You enter the world of the story and live in it while reading. Often times, this experience is so vivid that one would feel as though the experience is realistic. Books are so powerful that they draw the reader into the author’s brain so they can have a close encounter with the story. Readers can create a mental movie while reading, which helps making the experience much more special. Not literally, but you can see all the aspects in which the author includes in his or her story. Seeing goes beyond looking with your eyes, it plays a part with imagining all that the book has to offer. In â€Å"A River Runs Through It† by Norman Maclean, you get to experience the joy of the story within the film and the text. The story is about the summers spent in Missoula, Montana with the Maclean family. There is the dad Reverend Maclean, the mother, and the two brothers Norman and Paul. The narrator Norman explains how fly fishing is like a religion to the young boys in their days. Maclean writes the story in such a descriptive way that you also feel closely connected to them while fishing. The style of writing Maclean uses serves as the passenger seat of a car while he drives us through all of the events in the story. Even when the road got tough, he still managed to steer us in the right direction. In the film, there is a different experience that one has while watching. The film provided more background and character development for more characters than the book did. The book is written through first person narrative; everyone and every experience is described through Norman’s eyes. The film on the other hand is shown through the eyes of the director. Nevertheless, the story was still the same. You got to see more things than the book had to offer. You got to see the unconditional love between the brothers Norman and Paul. There was a scene where the boys got in trouble and they made eye contact with each other. Without any dialogue, so many things were said between the two of them that a book could never capture. There was also a scene in the movie where Norman danced with his love Jessie. By the way he looked at her, you could tell she was the woman of his dreams. He stared at her so deeply that you would really believe that her eyes were the window to her soul. And t o Norman, Jessie’s soul was likely to be the most beautiful soul he’d ever seen. The book provided a very intimate session for me while reading, and I felt as though I got to know Norman personally. Whereas the movie was more closed off and brief. Although both served the same purpose, it served a different experience. In the book â€Å"One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest† by Ken Kesey, you also get to have a close experience with the narrator in the book. The story is about the events that take place inside a psychiatric hospital in Oregon, where we get a personal experience of the structure that the hospital has. While reading the book, you get a sense of how unstable the patients might be due to the slang that was used to write the story. It could also act as the side effects of the drugs that the patients take. One part of the book described how the nurses’ clothes ripped off as she grew into the big monster within the halls of the psych ward. That part served as great imagery and provided a great example of some experiences that the mental patients have. You had the ability to follow along the story with the patients as if you were right there with them. However, the movie provided something much more different. In the book you viewed the patients as mentally unstable people that were in the mental hospital just to get the help that they need and to not be a burden on society. The characters had more personal development in the movie, offering more than just a â€Å"patient† title. We got to hear the inner thoughts and emotions of the characters during their discussion and their reactions to their friends. I saw them more as regular people with an edge, and not crazy people who needed help like the book suggested. There was a powerful scene in the movie where some of the guys revealed that they were voluntary patients who could leave at any moment. They all said that they were there to get the therapy needed and that they were not ready to go back into the real world. This scene showed that these patients are more than what society labels them. We think about the mentally ill and often times assume that they are incapable of d oing much on their own and that they have to be hovered over at all times. We forget that these are real people with real feelings despite their sickness or disabilities they may have. It shows that society has to stop putting labels upon people because we are far more special than any label could ever describe. When reading and viewing text, one can have a range of different experiences. One may enjoy reading better, the other may enjoy watching a movie. The eyes offer more than what we know to be true about them. We use our eyes to see of course, but it goes far beyond that. When we see, we get to analyze and wonder. We analyze what we see, and conjure up thoughts. What does this mean? Where does this come from? Why does this happen? Our eyes allow us to go deeper into books, unearthing all that the story has to offer. You can search forever among the themes, symbols, and metaphors that a story has. Without our eyes, we would not be able to truly see these things. We are oblivious to the powers and talents that we have, but we have to truly look into ourselves to find them.

Federalists and Jeffersonians Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Federalists and Jeffersonians - Essay Example The Federalists were deemed conservatives and focused on industry building and addressing the needs of rich merchants and landowners. The party also tended to favour Great Britain in foreign affairs ("Columbia Encyclopedia"). On the other hand, the Jeffersonians, which later became known as the Democratic party, led by Jefferson were more concerned with the ideal of an agrarian society of yeoman farmers and adamant to expand the powers of the federal government. The party also sympathized with the French. (Wright) Hamilton's proposals including the funding of revolutionary war debt, federal assumption of the obligation of the states, creation of a national bank and federal encouragement of native manufactures were intended to emulate Great Britain's economic model. But then, such proposals leaned towards wealthy men and substantially indebted regions over others. Jefferson along with James Madison viewed these as contrary to republican morality, which promoted harmony among the different regions and closing the income gap between the rich and poor ("Encyclopedia of American History"). As each political leader attracted supporters, the national-level disagreements trickled down onto local issues.