Analysis Of A Book By Ray Bradbury

Investigation Of A Book By Ray Bradbury Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury, is a novel which summons a lot of considered the manner in which we live in the public arena today. Through the hero, Guy Montag, Bradbury makes a more extensive point about the perils that a partitioned society can introduce. In the novel, Bradbury makes a general public wherein all books and free idea are taboo. It is obvious to us that books are believed to be the wellspring of all despondency and ought to in this way be denied. As a fire fighter, it is Montags work, not to extinguish fires, just like the case in todays society yet rather to make fires so as to discard every single undesirable book. This makes a thought of oppressed world by the administration attempting to satisfy everybody by utilizing control to restrict people groups autonomy and free reasoning. As the novel advances we see Montag travel through a progression of fundamental changes, seeing him change from a careless automaton, glad to do whatever anybody instructs him to, into a free-considering part society, framing an opposition against an administration set to obliterate all free idea. So as to decide the viability of Bradburys depiction of the progressions in Montag, it is important to analyze the focuses in the novel which are, as I would like to think, the most critical in Montags change. Toward the beginning of the novel, we are acquainted with the hero, Guy Montag, who is described by Bradbury as a Fireman with no reason throughout everyday life. Montag is one of the damaging powers in the public eye who obliterates books and furthermore autonomy. Montag appears to take joy in what he does and he appears to have no reason in life separated from consuming books. Montag appears to be totally content with his situation throughout everyday life, with no need to modify himself as an individual and content with what he accomplishes for society. All through the novel, Bradbury portrays the fire as lovely. His hands were the hands of some extraordinary director playing all the ensembles of bursting and consuming Bradbury is utilizing the theme of Montags hands to give us that Montag sees fire,his creation, to be a thing of extraordinary magnificence, in a similar sense that a conductor considers the to be as a gem. Montag considers himself to be a craftsman making a thing of unadulterated wonderfulness in the fire. Bradbury further burdens Montags assessment of fire by utilizing a key representation. He walked in a multitude of fireflies In utilizing this illustration, Bradbury makes the picture of the pieces of past books being fireflies. Fireflies are animals that carry light to murkiness. This goes about as a compelling connect to Montags perspective ablaze as a wondrous thing. Fireflies likewise have a specific air of enchantment and puzzle making a practically tranquil marvel. To Montag, things that are land gotten wonderful thus the flashes of the fire are viewed as excellent. This assists with accentuating the fulfillment Montag takes in his work. The accompanying phases of the novel uncover a strange inclination. Now we are acquainted with Clarisse, an honest high school young lady with an unfathomable interest who doesn't follow the pattern and who goes about as an impetus, accelerating Montags change. The world that she lives in has not destroyed her and in this way she appears to have a feeling of virtue. She is by all accounts at the far edge of the range to Montag. The world Montag lives in has changed him into an incurious individual with no thought to address anything. His absence of autonomy just appears to add to this characterisation by Bradbury. Clarisse has a fundamental influence in Montags change. She plants a seed of acknowledgment in Montags mind, accelerating what might just have been a steady procedure. She asks him inquiries that are intended to make him think on a more profound level, something that he is not used to. Are you upbeat Montag is shocked by this inquiry and responds by saying Yeah Sure. In any case, as I referenced previously, this inquiry was intended to make him think on a more profound, increasingly close to home level. What Clarisse is in undeniable reality asking Montag is whether his life is satisfied and has a reason or an importance. The occasions that follow this discussion between the two uncover to us that Montag isn't in certainty cheerful. The self destruction of a book sweetheart is utilized by Bradbury to uncover Montags interest encompassing the universe of books. The book sweetheart won't be isolated from her lifestyle and her way of life. She feels that she would prefer to pass on than desert her way of life. We will this light a flame as I trust will never be put out This announcement is expected to advance an unrest. By receiving the job of a saint, the book darling kicking the bucket for that which she puts stock in, at last with the expectation that others will follow and an unrest will be started. Bradbury is suggesting the sixteenth century witch preliminaries now in the novel. This suggestion is significant as those idea to have been witches were scorched. They kicked the bucket in solidarity with their affection for their specialties. The individuals who copied them did as such trying to dishearten further acts. This is applicable to the book sweetheart as she was copied for her affection for perusing, something that they were making a decent attempt to dishearten. The responsibility for has been made illicit by the administration in this novel as has free reasoning conduct. Bradburys mention to the witch preliminaries at this stage reflects back to a period in our history wherein we also condemned individuals who, in our eyes, appeared to be changed. His notice of such an awful case of foul play just makes more grounded the possibility of the sheer size of the mistreatment that this book sweetheart and numerous others face. As Montag is consuming the books which he has been sent to wreck, the peruser is given a knowledge into the idea of his demonstration. A book landed, dutifully, similar to a white pigeon, in his grasp, wings shuddering Bradburys utilization of the possibility of Montags hands representing themselves outlines the various stages in Montags change. From the start, his hands are utilized to make wonderful things, while at this stage they appear to have their very own existence, apparently connecting for books sub-deliberately. This obviously uncovers his interest for books that his external self doesnt wish him to peruse. When Montag meets Faber, further change starts to happen. Faber is an elderly person whose enthusiasm for books has been quenched. As he would see it, it is the individuals who didn't oppose the development of book consuming who are at fault for the present circumstance. In the event that he had acted when the change was happening, he accepts that , as in the past, others would have followed his misbehave by doing likewise. Faber supports Montags uniqueness and uncovers to him the way that he should figure out how to have an independent perspective and not let himself be administered by any other person. It is his aim to show Montag that the appropriate response isn't generally clear and that he should consistently be following up on his own thoughts. Recall Caesar, thou craftsmanship mortal Bradbury makes this intertextual reference to Julius Caesar to delineate Fabers notice against Montags presumptuousness. Caesar was a Roman head and despot who put himself over his nation similarly as the administration does in this novel. This correlation between the administration and Caesar firmly shows how Bradbury feels about the legislatures activities. In this novel, the possibility of oversight is utilized to pass on how through limitation of free-figured, entire social orders can implode. Now in the novel, Montag appears not to be completely changed and subsequently he starts to take on Fabers character just as his own. State Yes' His mouth moved like Fabers Indeed Bradbury plainly uncovers that Montag isn't able to do completely representing himself. Montag winds up at an ethical junction; following Faber or following Beatty (his commander). By following Beatty, he would keep on pursueing the numbness is happiness approach. It would be a simple life to follow Beatty however his life could never be appropriately satisfied and he would have no feeling of independence or reason. In the event that he decides to join with Faber and seek after a shared objective, the fantasy of a satisfied life, at that point he would get one of a likewise coordinated minority, battling against the greater part for what they have confidence in. In the wake of deciding to join with Faber, Montag consumes his own home while Beatty watches. By doing this, he is by all accounts consuming with extreme heat a piece of his life that he needs to overlook. In his view, the house speaks to this time of his life that he wouldn't like to be a piece of any more. By consuming everything, it is clarified to the peruser that he has proceeded onward with his life. The sheer savagery with which he acts outlines that he needs to consume everything, directly down to the minutest thing that helps him to remember his past self. Bradburys language in this phase in the novel is like that toward the beginning of the novel. Nonetheless, here Bradbury is delineating that Montag has changed. His pleasure is presently drawn from consuming those things that he despises the most. By and by it was a joy to consume Here, Bradbury is disclosing to us that Montag is again taking joy from copying things in any case, as opposed to being the thoughtless automaton that he was toward the beginning of the novel, he accepts this delight as is he understands that copying the things that he abhors the most, he can copy away his life preceeding this and start another life. Bradburys utilization of imagery to speak to the stream only accentuates Montags change. As Montag goes through the water we are persuaded that he is being absolved, being reawakened and isolated from his previous existence. Montag has an abrupt acknowledgment that time is continually passing and that the sun will consistently rise and set. This carries him to the end that life is restricted and that on the off chance that he consumes things, this joins with the suns consuming to annihilate everything great in life abandoning just a shell. He was not unfilled. There was all that could possibly be needed here to fill him. There would consistently be all that could possibly be needed Now Montags change is shown. He was already vacant but then now his interest of his general surroundings and the universe of books has filled him with a steady progression of figured, enough to

Sales Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Deals Management - Assignment Example There were likewise reports of exaggerating his exhibition for doled out items. In such manner, as the Sales Director, the accompanying concerns are thus tended to: a. Clarification on How Paul can Create an Ethical Work Climate in his Department Upon audit of the situation, it was clear that the top performing sales rep obviously disregards sets of principles by displaying deceptive conduct, for example, utilization of organization assets and time for individual objectives and interests; exaggerating detailed individual execution to probably follow the department’s share, and forcing clients to buy items with sick aim. Thusly, to react to Paul on the approaches to make a moral work atmosphere, the accompanying zones should be fittingly tended to: I. Strategies and rules There is a need to assess the approaches and rules of the association regarding arrangement and away from of arrangements on exacting adherence to moral, good and lawful measures. In like manner, there must be an arrangement of remunerations and disciplines to force sanctions for disregarding these guidelines and to give motivating forces to praiseworthy execution. There ought to likewise be an arrangement of announcing (even through secret methods for) noted infringement and proper board to examine the charges. Whenever demonstrated that a representative in fact disregards strategies, sanctions extending from censure, notice, suspension without pay, and excusal must be upheld. ii. Trust and duty The association must support corporate estimations of trust, obligation, polished methodology and social duty. These qualities must be plainly conveyed to all staff, along with the strategic vision articulation; just as the code of order and moral conduct. Any infringement noted on approaches, rules, and code of control ought to be liable to sanctions, as suggested. iii. Companion conduct It is the obligation of partners inside the association, regardless of rank or position, to guarantee that m oral conduct is showed consistently. Any sign of deceptive conduct in opposition to the qualities showed and infringing upon the strategies and rules ought to quickly be accounted for to higher experts for legitimate survey, assessment, and burden of authorizations. iv. Primary concern deals accentuation The activities, jobs, duties of sales reps and different individuals from the association ought to be noted as contributory to the expansion in deals and main concern (net benefit). These monetary figures are required all together for the association to support and bolster proceeded with activities later on. Not the slightest bit should representative conduct be embodying irreconcilable circumstance by concentrating on close to home additions and the utilization of organization time and assets. v. Book and Hold Recording future deals exchanges in current periods are in opposition to the standards in bookkeeping. Any exchanges made to consent to deals amount for the present time fram e couldn't be dependent upon inversions or discount. In cases that clients discount items bought, any recorded credits to salespersons’ portions would be returned higher than ever (after the arrival) and any prizes or reward rendered would be deducted in current deals execution. b. Portrayal of the â€Å"Perceived Seriousness† of the Salesperson’s Behavior The conduct showed and exemplified by the as far as anyone knows top performing salesman is unscrupulous and unmistakably damages approaches, rules, sets of principles and moral behav

Quiet Time - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Quiet Time - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Quiet Time It is now quiet time in our office. The main desk will still be taking phone calls and answering emails and we will still be conducting Information Sessions. However, admissions counselors are no longer able to take phone calls or visit with students and families that visit our office. Counselors need to focus on freshman file reading in order to be able to get decisions out by late March. We are continuing to work with guidance counselors to help complete admissions files. For more information, please visit our Quiet Time Information Page. Go Dawgs! Quiet Time - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Quiet Time It is now quiet time in our office, a practice that we have done for about 6 years. The main desk will still be taking calls and answering emails, but the admissions counselors will be focused on freshman file reading, and thus will not be able to take calls or visit with students/families that visit our office. We will still be conducting information sessions and our counselors will be talking to guidance counselors, but in order to get decisions by late March, we need to focus on file reading. While our information clerks will still be taking calls and answering emails, the responses may be a little slower as we go along. For more information, please go to the Quiet Time Information page on our website. I have enjoyed reading the limited number of files I have been able to get to so far, and I look forward to learning more about all our applicants! I will also try to give people updates and share more about my file reading through my twitter page. Go Dawgs!

Evaluate the business model of a company - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 17 Words: 5121 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Q1: Using an appropriate model, evaluate the business model of a company of your choice, describing how the company differentiates itself from its competitors and sustain competitive advantage. 1. Executive Summary Cummins started off as diesel engine manufacturing company since 1919 and now growing as power leader in the world. Cummins expand network through company- owned distributor, independent distributor and dealer to serve customer globally. In 2009, Cummins reported net income of $428 million in $10.8 billion of sales [1]. Cummins have been diversifying its business to broad range of products from power generation, filtration technology, turbo technology, fuel system, emission controls and air handling [2]. Due to external pressure and growing market in Asia, Cummins recently setup Centre of Excellent in Singapore focus more on Marine and Offshore market. In this post module assignment, competitive strategy will only focus on Cumminss marine and offshore business. In this PMA, the value curve is based on own industry experiences assumption. However, analysis on financial will based overall Cummins business listed in stock market which named CMI. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Evaluate the business model of a company" essay for you Create order 1.1. Vision Statement Making peoples lives better by unleashing the Power of Cummins [3]. Cummins believe in by developing new technology will lead to better living for the people. 1.2. Mission Statement Cummins mission statement as quoted below [3] Motivating people to act like owners working together Exceeding customer expectations by always being first to market the best products Partnering with our customers to make sure that they succeed Demanding that everything we do leads to a cleaner, healthier, safer environment Creating wealth for all stakeholders. 1.3. Cummins compare with Industrial leader Statistic Industry Leader CMI CMI Rank Market Capitalisation BHEL.BO 979.41B 23.52B 35 / 379 P/E Ratio (ttm) ROR.L 4,276.81 22.76 81 / 379 PEG Ratio (ttm, 5 yr expected) PRY.MI 9.01 1.23 27 / 379 Revenue Growth (Qtrly YoY) PPRW.OB 196.10% 21.70% 111 / 379 EPS Growth (Qtrly YoY) MXH.DE 1749.70% 36.80% 82 / 379 Long-Term Growth Rate (5 yr) MNTX 75.00% 12.03% 47 / 379 Return on Equity (ttm) SHS 94.04% 25.29% 36 / 379 Long-Term Debt/Equity (mrq) 15.833 N/A Dividend Yield (annual) HYG.TO 7.70% 0.90% 21 / 379 Figure 1 Financial Analysis CMI Vs Industry Leader [4] Figure 1 shows overview financial analysis of Cummins (CMI) compare within industry leader [4]. Cummins rank 35 among 379 diversified machinery industries in industrial goods sector for market capitalisation. Cummins stock values increase more than triple over the past 3 years and promise future growth with its business strategy [4]. 1.4. Ocean Strategy Ocean strategy has been introduced by W.C. Kim and R Mauborge since 2004. Starting then, this strategy is adopted and implemented successfully in various organisations globally. Recently, Malaysias Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Razak shared his experience on Ocean Strategy when dealing with increasing crime in the country [5]. He is using Blue Ocean Strategy as management tools in order to promote thinking out of the box. Key successful activities such as leveraged untapped resources when replaced police with soldier doing patrolling around countrys border and conduct training for new police force in the underutilised army facilities. This initiative save a lot of money from government and promote cross functioning role among government agency [5]. The principle of the ocean strategy is treating market as universe. There are two oceans available in the universe named Red Ocean and Blue Ocean. Red Ocean defined as known competition. In this Ocean, product is already well defined and competitors only able to compete with price [6] .Customer expectation on the product almost generic and not much technology can be developing in this area. For diesel engine in marine and offshore market, the competitors for Cummins include Caterpillar, MTU and Mitsubishi. How Cummins can break trough become market leaders? Cummins apply Blue Ocean Strategy when dealing with its business. Blue Ocean Strategy defines as untapped market which no competition and industries that do not exist at this point of time [6]. This in return will resulting higher profit compare with conventional approach. This clearly shows in W.C. Kim and R Mauborge studys on business launches in 108 companies. They summarize revenue and profit impact of business launches shows in Figure 2. In this study, 86% business launches within own boundaries (Red Oceans) and 14% business launches looking for new opportunities (Blue Oceans) [6]. Red Oceans approach focus on existing customer by improving their product and study shows that this resulted 62% on total revenue and 39% on total profit. In contrast, 14% of the businesses launches by creating blue oceans can bring in higher return which about 61% of the total profit [6]. Cummins spend heavily on research and development for past 5 years as shown in Figure 3. In 2010 alone, Cummins invest 414million in new technology development [2]. One of recent Blue Oceans initiatives is setting Marine and Offshore Centre of Excellent in Singapore. This business focus on the Packaging instead of selling conventional type of bare diesel engine like other competitor such as CAT, MTU and Mitsubishi. Figure 4 shows pictorial view on the value added components into bare diesel engine 1.5. Strategy Canvas Figure 5 shows strategy canvas of the marine and offshore diesel engine. X-axis represents critical success factors of the markets competition and Y-axis correspond to values perceived by marine and offshore customer. Marine and offshore is a mature and establish market. Engine makers always compete with price, image, brand, delivery, product performance and service availability. Cummins performs averagely in critical successful factors. However, in order to compete in the competitive market, Cummins break through conventional way by creating new team to focus on product value added specifically for marine and offshore customer. Cummins applied Blue Ocean strategy. Figure 6 shows Red Ocean strategy from others diesel engine maker and Blue Ocean strategy from Cummins. Q2: Using either Porters generic strategies or the Strategy Clock, identify examples of organizations following strategies of differentiation, low cost or low price, and stuck-in-the middle or hybrid. How successful are these strategies. 2. Porters 5 forces generic Strategies Using the five forces framework, creative strategists may be able to spot an industry with a good future before this good futureis reflected in the prices of acquisition candidates Michael Porter [7]. Porters five forces: Threat of New Entrants: Analyse potential new comer to market is important to understand potential future competitors Bargaining Power of Buyers: Buyers is the party that create demand for industry, understand buyers requirement will help to maintain competitive advantages. For example, bargaining power of buyers is high if product is standard. Threat of substitute products or service: Buyers always look for alternative or cheapest way to get products or service. Substitute product can bring the overall industry price lower Bargaining Power of Supplier: Supplier supply raw material or service to manufacturer. Bargaining power of supplier is high when to many buyer and less supplier in the market Rivalry among existing competitors: Current fast moving industry, its important understand the strategy of existing competitors. Example: How competitor gain competitive advantages or product differentiation. Porters 5 Forces allowed the company undertand and analyse own industry struture and futher help the management to decide on companys strategy. According to Porter, organisation is able to gain competitive advantanges by strategies the company using one of the Porters Generic Strategies as shown in Figure 8; 1) Cost Leadership, 2) Differentiation, 3) Focus [8]. 2.1. Cost Leadership Strategies Cost leadership strategies emphasize on low cost in company strategies. Company will offer low per-unit cost product or service to customer that sensitive to price. In order to become low cost provider, company can practise integration strategies (backward, forward and horizontal). There are few factors that will affect the strategies include economies of scale, learning curve, productivity, company structure, relationship with supplier and quality control. Several example organizations that practice this are Wal-Mart (general merchandiser), Air Asia (budget Airline) and Macdonalds (Fast Food) [9]. In this PMA, I will use Air Asia as example to study its business model and look into company successful factor. Air Asia strategy as illustrate in Figure 9, the company mission is to continue to be the markets carrier low cost provider. In order to compete with other aircraft carrier and achieve company vision for Lowest cost airline, Air Asia implement a few strategy to reduce operation cost. Strategy implemented as per below: 2.1.1. Keep operation cost low- NO frills In order to compete in this competitive market, Air Asia able to keep operational cost low by implementing few NOs in the strategy [10]: NO meal: No food or drinks will be provided free in the in-flight service. NO frequent flyer program: NO Membership or rewarding program which commonly used for others airline like Kris flyer for Singapore Airline and Skymiles for Delta airline. NO Seat assignment Ticket: In order to keep administrative cost low NO Entertainment: NO news paper and entertainment system such as movie, games and music. No ticket : Ticketless replaced conventional type printed ticket No waiting lounge: NO lounge provide in the airport 2.1.2. Single air craft fleet In order to streamline the operation, Air Asia phasing out its 14 Boeing B737 in 2010 and replace by only operate single air craft which is A320. Few advantages of using single aircraft as stated below Keep inventory cost low Saving cost in service and maintenance such as keeping same model of spares parts. No duplicated resource due to difference Air Craft experience needed Reduce time and training cost due to only one model. This allowed the company avoid going to through the expensive learning curve process and also may dissatisfied demanding customer. Michael and Nikos study on the organisation learning curves for customer dissatisfaction across airlines. They plotted estimate U-Shaped learning curve as show in Figure 10 and show evident that complaint rates followed U-shaped function of experience Able to increase fuel efficiency and improve productivity 2.1.3. Simplified distribution system Air Asia design simple user friendly system for customer to book and check- in their ticket. Customers are able to check in using own mobile as shown in Figure 11. This ticketless system is able to reduce waiting time for customer queuing to check- in at the airport counter. 2.1.4. Point to point network ( 4 hrs) All Air Asia flight is running by point to point network within 4 hours radius or less as its business model. This model only carry passenger from point A to point B without any connecting flight. This in order to keep operation cost simple in order to reduce costs [10]. 2.1.5. Optimum Aircraft Utilization Another way to keep operating cost low and maximizes profit, Air Asia increase productivity by optimise flight utilisation. Air Asia is the fastest in the region by achieving 25 minute turnaround time. Air Asia is able to achieve equal or more than 75% for last 5 years on the load factor. Once, Air Asia achieve close to 100% load factor for Bali Perth route. Load factor is defined by AirAsia as numbers of passengers as a percentage of number of seats flown [10]. On top of that, Air Asia applies Tier based system for ticketing which depend on supply and demand. When demand is low, the price is low. When demand is high the ticket price will also go high. This system is efficient especially during low season allowed Air Asia maintain the reasonable high percent load factor, 2.2. Differentiate Strategies Differentiation strategies offer service or product which unique perceived by customer. Differentiation strategies do not guarantee good payback especially current standard product offered in the industry is more than enough to meet customer expectation. There will a risk on implementing this strategy and need to study carefully on customer requirement before implementing. Product value added, extra servicing, products flexibility and better compatibility are some of the features that can create differentiate in the industry. Cost is not an issue in this strategy; hence company can demand higher price if customer strongly attached to offered differentiation features. Typical move in this strategy is product development. Organisations that apply these strategies include Apple (Lifestyle product), Raul Lauren (Apparel) and Maytag (Home appliance) Apple is applying differentiate strategies compare with other competitors in the industry by selling lifestyle product instead of conventional electronic gadget. In first 6 months of 2011, Apple spends 1.2 billion in research and development. This is about 40% increase compare with 2010 [13]. One of the successful examples when Apple launches iPad during 2010 and Steve Jobs defined iPad as entirely new category of mobile devices. Apple sold more than 15 million units worldwide after launching [14]. 2.2.1. Innovative and creativity product Apple is a trend leading company in the market. The company famous in creating innovative products and able to capture a significant market share after launching new products. Apple spends heavily in research and development because the company believe RD are critical for future growth and are able to create competitive advantages 2.2.2. Wide range of software and applications Apple created another successful platform for customer to download software and application. Traditional, example like phone, other competitor just focus on few simple features which only contains game, photography function, movie and some basic feature. By introducing new approach, Apple created The App Store. Now The App Store has more than 350,000 apps available for iPhone, iPad and iPod touch globally. The apps offered wide range of application from games, entertainment, utilities, social networking, music and others. In Jan 2011, Apple announces that more than 10 billion apps have been downloaded . 2.2.3. Apple store Unlike others competitors store which only focus on products price and feature, Apple differentiate by giving customer different shopping experience in the store. Apple design Apples retail store to give the patrons good impression of stylish, clean, fashion and stream-lined. The product like i Phone, iTunes and etc will placing in a place that customer can try out the features and application. 2.2.4. Provide good service and maintenance Apple provides good service respond compare with others competitors like Samsung and Nokia. In Singapore, Apple provides one to one exchange for i Phone if there is defect and still under warranty. This is different from some of the competitors, depend on the level of repair, some will take about 2 to 3 weeks. This will create some issue for some consumer that only has one hand phone. 2.3. Focus Strategies Focus strategies offers product or service to fulfil the requirement for targeted groups of customer in the industry [9]. Focus strategies can be categorized into 2; Focus cost leadership which focus on low cost solution in narrow market and Focus differentiation provide customised product or service to niche market [16]. Market penetration and market development can be use when applying focus strategies [9]. Focus strategies beneficial when competitors are not able to support on unique requirement of certain group of customer. Organisation which pursuing this strategies include IKEA (Furniture), Ferrari (Automotive) and Federal Express (logistic) 2.3.1. Focus Cost Leadership Strategy IKEA is the Swedish global furniture company that applied focus cost leadership strategy in their business strategy. IKEA offering wide range of home furnish product with low price so that many people can afford to purchase. In order to achieve the strategy, IKEA apply below concept: 2.3.1.1. Design and develop base on price In order to keep competitive price, IKEA design and develop product base on price. The price is fix even before the product is launch. The designer will have to work directly with supplier to ensure meeting low cost by optimised productivity, material efficiency and process improvement [17]. 2.3.1.2. Reduce logistic, handling and operating cost In order to reduce logistic, handling and operating cost, IKEA designer always consider flat-pack transportation and self-assembly during design and development phase. Flat-pack furniture is often delivered in multiple sub assemblies together with simple instruction manual and required customer to perform self assembly. This modular concept is able to save transportation, handling and operating cost. For example, assembled furniture tends to be more bulky and is more expensive to store in warehouse and transportation. Besides, that, IKEA is able to save operating cost by reduce one Assembly process in production . 2.3.1.3. Self-Service in IKEA Store In order t keep the operating cost low and reduce the needs of sales assistance, IKEA design the flow of store layout and display the product effectively by using actual room concept. For example, sofa is placed in living room section and bed is placed in Bed Room section. All the furniture is clearly labelled and useful information like dimension is easily located in the display product [17]. 2.3.2. Focus Differentiate strategy Ferrari is applying focus differentiate strategy by develop high performance car within automotive industry. Ferrari focus on high end consumer compare with other automotive competitors like Honda, Toyota or Ford which target more broad customer. Below is the strategy for Ferrari: 2.3.2.1. New Way of Purchase Car Ferrari compete created innovative approach by introduce new way of purchase car Premium Ownership Program to serve its target customer. This program include insurance, maintenance, warranty , Ferrari tailored made driving course and pit stop service which provide the customer mind free after owning and driving Ferrari car [18]. 2.3.2.2. Innovative Technology Ferrari developed own software to meet customer service expectation such as rapid response times, up to date database and personalise customer service. One of the latest features such as, the customer can view the look of the vehicle and change the preference in Service configurator system even in pre-order stage [19]. 2.3.2.3. Best Dealer Ferrari believes choosing the right strategic partner or dealer is the right way to serve the customer. In order to motivate the dealer, Ferrari created prestigious award Podio Awards for supplier or business partner recognition. 2.4. Stuck in the middle or Hybrid Strategies Porter does not recommend Stuck in the middle or Hybrid strategies if the company want to achieve above average performance in the industry. Company must choose either one of the strategy in the Porters Generic strategy. He claimed that it is difficult for a company to strategies the business to produce low cost product but still remain unique perceived by customer [8]. However, Rodney Goon argues on Porters theory and commented some of the company such as Singapore Airline (SIA) are able to success using Hybrid strategy. Figure 12 shows business strategy applied by SIA which plotted by Rodney [21]. Singapore Airline have been awarded 2nd place in World Top Airline in 2010 by Skytrax in Hamburg [22]. Figure 13 shows main operating cost for SIA. Top 3 costs consist of Fuel, Aircraft and People [23]. In order to achieve competitive advantages, SIA apply below approach: 2.4.1. Become Market Leader Differentiation Strategy SIA founded in 1972 started as small airline company and now evolve become the world trend leading company for Airline industry. SIA become market leader by setting trend started since 1970s when introducing headsets, drink and choice of meals in Economy Class. Figure 14 shows overview on SIA trend setting for more than 39 years in the industry. In 1991, SIA introduce satellite- based telephone to enable passenger to call to ground during flying. In 1998, in order to improve the quality and standard of in-flight meal, SIA formed International Culinary Panel which involves renowned chef from all over the world. By doing this, the passengers are able to enjoy world class cuisine even during travelling. In order to improve customer service satisfaction, SIA introduce in-flight entertainment system named Krisworld which include Audio and Video system. Passenger can watch movie, listen to music and playing game during flying. In 2004, SIA reach another milestone by flying world longest non-stop flight from Singapore to New York (Newark). In 2007, SIA flying new Airbus design A380 which is world largest passenger Aircraft from Singapore to Sydney . 2.4.2. Brand Singapore Girl Differentiation Strategy SIA successfully improve its service compare with others competitors by creating unique iconic image for SIAs air stewardess as Singapore Girl and promote Youre a great way to fly started in 1972. This iconic brand is famous of caring, elegant and good looking girl whom will provide good service for the passenger during on board the plane. Singapore Girl has continuously won many awards in Airline and Travel Industry over the years . 2.4.3. Low Cost -Cost Leadership Strategy Everything behind The Scenes Is subject To Rigorous Control quoted by Rodney . SIA spend heavily on the area that customer can be seen as discussed above in order to remain premium in the industry but cutting cost for area that behind the scene in order to remain cost compatible. Total cost for Singapore airline is about 14.2% is the lowest in the market compare with other competitors like American Airline which labor cost is approximately 31% of total operating expense . Other than that, average price per aircraft purchase is less than other airline provider. This is due to SIA is the market leader in trendsetting and always working with aircraft builder like Airbus when there is new product launching. First purchase in world for A380 allowed SIA command a better purchase price. Q3: What are the major advantages and disadvantages of an integrative strategy? 3. Integrative strategy Organisation is able to gain competitive advantages by using integrative strategy. Integrative strategy can be categorized as vertical, backward, forward and horizontal integration. There are advantages and disadvantages when applying each concept and detail discuss as below: 3.1. Vertical Integration Vertical integration is business strategies which expand its business either through gaining control over company that distribute or selling its product (Forward integration) or taking control over company that provide the raw material for finish goods (Backward Integration). Figure 15 illustrate 4 typical stages for value added chain in PC industry (27). Example for Dell or Hewlett Packard, in order to produce a personal computer, assembly components such as chips, microprocessor and disk drive etc is needed from others manufacturing company (Intel/ Micron). Similarly, component parts manufacturing needs raw material like chemical, metal and ceramic to manufacture the component. Kyocera is one of the suppliers for those materials. Backward integration strategy in this case is trying to taking control over components parts manufacturing and raw material supplier. Whereas for forward integration strategy, PC maker try to gains control over the company that selling or distribute the final product such as OfficeMax and ComUSA [27] This company provide platform to reach end user. 3.2. Forward Integration Forward integration strategy involves increase ownership or control over retailers or distributor and illustrates in Figure 16. One of the effective mean of forward integration is through Franchising [9]. Approximate $2 trillion revenue created annually through franchising business every year globally. This equal to 4th largest Gross National Product in the world [28]. Advantages and disadvantages as discuss below: Advantages: Getting understanding customer better One of the companies using forward integration strategy successfully is Dell. Dell founded in 1984 by Michael Dell with one direction selling final products to customer directly [29]. By doing this, company able to reach end user and getting feedback instantly through companys distributor and retailer without filtering. Low development and training cost By introduce franchising; the company are able to reduce development and training cost. Franchisor will provide training, equipment and product to franchisee. This in order to skip the trial error phase for franchisee and able to help franchisee generate profit with less risk. Example companies like Subway, McDonalds and 7-eleven. Provide better services Company can provide better services through its own controlled network and services. Provide lower cost of sales In order to compete in this competitive world, price of the end product is always one of the critical successful factors for the company. Dell is using this strategy to reduce price bypassing third party involvement such as retailers etc. No mark up from other company in the finished goods Disadvantages: Increase bureaucratic cost Expanding business forward which also means that increase bureaucratic cost for whole value- added chain activities. Due to uncertain demand in current market, it will post some risk to the company Increase Inventory Getting control over distributors or retailer, indirectly manufacturer may have to manage whole product cycle inventory include end products. Company may incurred higher inventory cost if wrongly manage 3.3. Backward Integration Manufacturer need supplier provide raw material in order to produce its end products or service. Backward integration allowed company gain control toward supplier as shown in Figure 16. Advantages and disadvantages as discuss below: Advantages: Getting better quality control Company are able to apply standard quality plan throughout the value chain. This is especially important when dealing with sophisticated components such as crankshaft, piston and turbocharger for engine. By improving the quality of this critical component will increase competitive advantages among the rivals Reduce threat from powerful vendors By increasing control over the vendors, it will reduce threat from powerful vendors. Optimized supply chain Keeping track of so many suppliers is onerous says Mark Shimelonis of Xerox [9]. Nowadays, a number of companies following Japanese firms lead in managing the supply chain to ensure uninterrupted supplies and low prices. Lower structure cost Outsourcing is one of the examples of the backward strategy. Outsourcing strategy will able to reduce cost when company engaging third party specialist that performing charging lower than company own operate value-chain activity. Cummins outsource IT support to India Company and panel design to CMR or Auto Maskin to keep the company structure cost lower. Nike outsourcing its manufacturing plant in China due to lower labor cost [27]. Disadvantages: Technology change Technology change is inevitable in current competitive market. But backward vertical integration may lock a company way of doing business and prevent organisation changes due to technology change. One of the examples is when radio manufacturer acquired a manufacturer of vacuum tube in 1950s to reduce production cost. When, transistors replace vacuum tube in 1960s, the competitor rapidly change to latest technology. However for this radio manufacturer company, the management refuse to change and as the result, lost in the competitive advantages and cause business failure. Thus, backward integration can cause serious disadvantages when trying to match rapid technology change [27] Risk of information loss Increase control over the supplier which mean also potentially important information flow to the supplier. For example, Cummins need to provide important parameter and interfacing information in the engine control module to backward supplier like CMR and Auto Maskin in order to joints develop the engine protection panel. Technical drawing will be shared among backward supplier and manufacturer. Potential high cost Less supplier competition will lead to less efficiencies when produce a product. The backward support company will work in the comfort zone and less initiative. The manufacturer is forced to get the input from internal supplier even there will be some others external supplier can produce lower cost .As the result will cause potentially higher production cost . 3.4. Horizontal Integration Horizontal integration refers to company that use single industry strategy and seeking control over competitor in same market. A number of the company apply this concept as growth strategy. Merger and acquisition allowed the company to expand its core business and technical capabilities within the same industry [9] For example, recently Pfizer paid more than $3 billion to complete acquisitions of King Pharmaceuticals through merger. This is helping Pfizer to expand its prescription pharmaceutical business in pain treatment, Meridian auto-injector and animal health business which originate from Kings principal business. Advantages: Lowest cost structure Horizontal integration allowed the company expand within the same industry. This is especially posted advantages when fix cost such as equipment, specialise machine etc is high. Just imagine, if only 3 major competitors in the market, Company A merge with company B by acquisition. They have similar capacity in the plant in both companies. Now with new merger, New Company AB can close one of the plant and fully utilised the facilities to reduce manufacturing cost. For this competitive world, reduce manufacturing cost is essential to gain competitive advantages. On top of that, horizontal approach also allowed the company to save overhead cost by cutting down duplicate resources such as management, sales and production team [27] Pfizer-Wyeth merger is one of the examples. Pfizer combine both facilities; reduce number of manufacturing site by about 15 percent, and cutting 10% of its global workforce [32] More focus on the core product With horizontal approach, the company can more focus on its main core business. Company which is using single industry approach that only focuses on core product sometimes can name Stick to the kitting. This means that the company only focus on the things that they know and try to make it better [27] Example such as KFC focus on its global food market and IKEA focus on its home furnishing product. Increase Market shares and brand By reducing the competitors in the market, the company can increase market shares and become major player in the industry. Thus, this will improve company brand in the industry. Besides, through merging and accusation, the company have the economies of scale in the market. Company can demand better price from the supplier. Provide total package to customer Company are able to offer wide range of the product when dealing with customer. Merging of both company can allowed the company to offer product bundling. Disadvantages: Lack of innovative Horizontal approach expand the business within own industry. Old industry practice may still stick with the company when dealing with the business. Lack of innovative and creativity approach may lead to the company stay in Red Ocean instead of break through conventional rout to Blue Ocean Strategy that can bring more profit to the company as discussed in Chapter 1. Cultural Different The problem may arise when merging both with different cultural company. This especially when turnover rate is high for the functional leader in the acquired company due to restructuring [27].For example like International Company acquired China company, language barrier and culture different may create some operational issue. Become Industry dominant Company that apply horizontal integration strategy tendency become industry dominant and monopolize the market. The company will grow bigger and may have conflict with Federal Trade Commission (FTC) [27]. FTC is responsible for fair trading and promoting free competition. Horizontal merger guideline develop jointly from U.S department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission to describe the principal techniques and main evidence on which agencies usually predict horizontal merger that may lead to fewer choice for the customer or end user [33]. FTC concerns on the merging company which may subsequently cause higher price, less innovative and lower quality to the end user. One of the examples is the merging of 2 Satellite radio Company; Sirius and XM merger which will have more than 18.5 million subscribers after combination and become second larger radio company in the country. The merging take about 16 month to battle with regulators regards on the market monopolize before FTC app roved the merger [34].

What is Human Evolution - 674 Words

Human Evolution What is human evolution? Human evolution refers to a process in which human beings developed both physically and emotionally throughout centuries, evolution is mainly influenced by environmental factors, and sometimes people’s diet would also interrupt the way human beings evolve. Normally, human evolves for survivals, in order to get used to the climate, it is necessary for human beings to advance. Throughout millions of years, human beings have developed from the earliest hominids discovered in South Africa to what nowadays called modern human (â€Å"Introduction to Human Evolution†). According to â€Å"Darwin’s Theory of Evolution†, all the living animals are related; complex organisms, like human beings, have evolved from a simple creature through a process which is called â€Å"natural selection†. This selection makes genetic developments for animals to be adapted to its environment, which is also known as the â€Å"survival of the fittest†. Darwin advocates that evolutions happen very slowly, it takes thousands of generations to clearly observe the physical difference, millions of years to go through the entire process; what’s more, even now human beings are still evolving (â€Å"Theory of Evolution†). Fossils is what speak out the history of human, it is like a document which records the existence of previous species. Fossils are the remains of organism from earlier geological periods preserved in rocks or hard surfaces. It normally keeps the shape of that specific plant orShow MoreRelatedAnthropology Essay Assignment1154 Words   |  5 Pages| ANTH100 Assignment 1 Heather Hartwig American Military University October 21, 2012 Assignment 1 1) Discuss what evolution is in terms of physical anthropology. Evolution refers to change over time. In terms of physical anthropology, evolution is changes over time in living organisms. This means that living things have passed their traits from one generation to the next. 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The presentation was also to inform students about how the view of the evolutionary process has changed. 3. In the past people used to believe that species never changed. God simply put organisms, such as plants and

Relativist Morality Is Unfair Discuss Free Essays

Relativist Morality is unfair discuss Relativist morality could be seen as unfair, when looked at closely and seen from critics’ point of view it becomes clear that it is easy to question perhaps because of its weakness as a moral system. The weakness could somewhat be perceived as making Relativist morality unfair. A relativist cannot pass judgement but yet to be true to their name ‘relativist’ they would be practising ‘do not pass judgement’ thus they are preaching to others that they should not do something in order for others to follow relativism. We will write a custom essay sample on Relativist Morality Is Unfair Discuss or any similar topic only for you Order Now This concludes that relativism is self – refuting because a concept of relativism has been broken in order to follow it. This could be seen as unfair because to put relativist morality into practice would involve relativists telling an individual what to do, regarding personal idea raises the question ‘ if being relativist means you are able to break a rule you live by, then it is not fair in terms of my attitudes to ethical understanding. However it could be said that it’s not unfair as its one thing that relativists ask people to do in order to consider living from a relativist’s point of view. In real life relativism would be extremely hard to live by in all situations, and again the idea of unfairness can be applied. If for example a relativist lived in a society that refuses to punish an individual that kills a child, then they are entitled to not like this as it is their opinion but but  they are not obliged to judge the abusers actions as unjust. It is apparent that killing a child is unjust and wrong but yet a relativist has no right to declare the murderer as guilty of wrongdoing, this rise a question ‘If we are certain that murder of a child is wrong, then how can relativism exists? ’ How can it be fair to not be able to label something seen as cruel , as unjust and thus wrong how can it be possible to not see this as unjust? And how is this fair on the victim? That their death was in fact not wrong and not unjust because the actions were committed subject to the perpetrator’s moral understanding of what is right and good or because their society claims that this is right and good. Relativists see no universal absolutes so nothing is universally bad or is it universally good thus this means that blame and praise would become nonexistent because praise comes from doing something good but without good this would be virtually impossible because good would not be judged and therefore it could not be praised in a moral sense. This again could be seen s unfair because it could an act of kindness but yet there is no absolute good in the act for example helping an elderly person with their shopping this is neither seen as good or bad and therefore no praise could come of doing what is believed to be good. Relativists can’t make charges of unfairness, despite what they may feel personally, say the relativist thought that it was unfair for Nazi Germany to slaughter many Jews , but Germany thought these actions to be correct because it is relative to their society then Germanys would say they were being fair and thus must the Relativist. Many individuals will question this because these people that were slaughtered were innocent but yet a relativist would have see these acts as fair, it does not seem fair to have an opinion that these acts were unfair but have to agree that they were fair. How is this view fair for the millions of innocent Jews that were slaughtered?. There would be no prison if moral relativism was to be put into practise because if there is not universal good or bad, then no law would be in place because nobody can decipher the truth thus punishment would be nonexistent because there is no need for anybody to be punished if no one has the right to pass judgement on whether their actions are right or wrong and the reason for imprisonment is because someone has committed crime thus there is no reason for prison to exists however then how would society function, in a recognizable fair way for example the idea of shoplifting this would not be controlled neither would happenings such as rape. This would not be fair because individuals could hurt or steal because it was their moral understanding of good etc so harm would not be seen as bad and neither would theft and the country would therefore not be able to run because people would live how they pleased subject to their moral understanding. This type of life for people would not be fair with no guidelines people would be free do what they like causing pain to other psychically and emotionally and this would not be fair. In conclusion it can be said that relativist morality would not be fair because of the complications it would have when followed correctly and how difficult it would be followed properly. It would cause many problems in reality that would not be fair on individuals. How to cite Relativist Morality Is Unfair Discuss, Papers

Theodor Herzl Essays - Zionism, Jewish Agency For Israel

Theodor Herzl Theodor Herzl was certainly not the first Jew to dream of Zion, but he nevertheless put the wheels in motion (Zionism 1). Zionism is the name given to the political and ideological creation of a Jewish national state. The rise of the Zionist movement in the late 19th century culminated in the creation of this state in Palestine in 1948. Herzl was born of well to do middle-class parents. He first studied in a scientific secondary school, but to escape from its anti-Semitic atmosphere he transferred in 1875 to a school where most of the students were Jews. In 1878 the family moved from Budapest to Vienna, where he entered the University of Vienna to study law. He received his license to practice law in 1884 but chose to devote himself to literature. Remaining in Vienna, he became o correspondent for Neue Freie Presse (New Free Press), the liberal magazine of the bourgeoisie. In 1889 he married Julie Naschauer, daughter of a wealthy Jewish businessman in Vienna. The marriage was unhappy, although three children were born to it. Herzl had a strong attachment to his mother, who was unable to get along with his wife. These difficulties were increased by the political activities of his later years, in which his wife took little interest. These political activities culminated in 1896, when Herzl published Der Judenstaat, an informational pamphlet in which he proposed that the Jewish question was a political question to be settled by a world council of nations. Although the liberal magazine he worked for tried to prevent the publication of Der Judenstaat and never so much as mentioned it in its columns, Herzl would not be deterred. He gathered a small coterie and set out to convene the First Zionist Congress that same year. Being the first political movement to unify the diverse proto-Zionists, five delegates among 200 men and perhaps as many as 10 women convened the First Zionist Congress in Basel, Switzerland. Although there are no reliable lists of attending members, there are pictures. Herzls own mother can be seen sitting on the dais during some of the proceedings. As a result of the congress, Palestine was chosen as the seat of the Jewish state (because of its associations with Jewish history), and Herzl was made president of the World Zionist Organization (WZO). Jerusalem at that time was under Turkish control, so it was the charge of Herzl and the WZO to negotiate with the Sultan Abdul al-Hammid. Although the sultan was a sympathizer with the Jewish cause, the negotiations were fruitless. Herzl wrote about the First Zionist Congress in his diary If I had to sum up the Basel Congress in one word--which I shall not do openly--it would be this: At Basel I founded the Jewish state. If I were to say this today, I would be greeted by universal laughter. In five years, perhaps, and certainly in 50, everyone will see it. (Herzl 1). Theodore Herzl died on July 3, 1904, before realizing the creation of the Jewish state. In 1917, in the midst of a war with Turkey, Great Britain established the Balfour Declaration, a promise to help the creation of a Jewish homeland. By 1920, Britain was given a mandate by the League of Nations to allow Jewish colonization of Palestine, but under Arab pressure they limited their interpretation of the declaration. Despite movements for mass forced colonization and for right-wing revolution against Britain, the general Zionists remained friendly toward Great Britain and further negotiated their claim until 1948. Shortly after the Second World War, two crowning achievements pushed ahead to the establishment of the Jewish state (Breyer 18). First, the Nuremberg Trials held worldwide attention to the plight of the Jew and for the necessity of a refuge. Secondly, as an effect of the Trials, United States Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter persuaded the Philippine delegate in the United Nations to cast the majority vote for the creation of the state of Israel. Theodore Herzls (and the predecessors of the same philosophy) dream was realized. In 1949, Herzls remains were disinterred and moved to Palestine, where they were placed on a mountain later named Mount Herzl. The Jewish state was the product of many complex